gpinyin(1) General Commands Manual gpinyin(1) Name gpinyin - use Hanyu Pinyin Chinese in groff documents Synopsis gpinyin [file ...] gpinyin -h gpinyin --help gpinyin -v gpinyin --version Description gpinyin is a preprocessor for groff(1) that facilitates use of Hanyu Pinyin in groff(7) files. Pinyin is a method for writing the Mandarin Chinese language with the Latin alphabet. Mandarin consists of more than four hundred base sylla‐ bles, each spoken with one of five different tones. Changing the tone applied to the syllable generally alters the mean‐ ing of the word it forms. In Pinyin, a syllable is written in the Latin alphabet and a numeric tone indicator can be ap‐ pended to each syllable. Each input-file is a file name or the character “-” to indicate that the standard input stream should be read. As usual, the argument “--” can be used in order to force interpretation of all remaining arguments as file names, even if an input- file argument begins with a “-”. -h and --help display a usage message, while -v and --version show version information; all exit afterward. Pinyin sections Pinyin sections in groff files are enclosed by two .pinyin requests with different arguments. The starting request is .pinyin start or .pinyin begin and the ending request is .pinyin stop or .pinyin end . Syllables In Pinyin, each syllable is represented by one to six letters drawn from the fifty-two upper- and lowercase letters of the Unicode basic Latin character set, plus the letter “U” with dieresis (umlaut) in both cases—in other words, the members of the set “[a–zA–ZüÜ]”. In groff input, all basic Latin letters are written as themselves. The “u with dieresis” can be written as “\[:u]” in lowercase or “\[:U]” in uppercase. Within .pinyin sections, gpinyin supports the form “ue” for lowercase and the forms “Ue” and “UE” for uppercase. Tones Each syllable has exactly one of five tones. The fifth tone is not explicitly written at all, but each of the first through fourth tones is indicated with a diacritic above a specific vowel within the syllable. In a gpinyin source file, these tones are written by adding a numeral in the range 0 to 5 after the syllable. The tone numbers 1 to 4 are transformed into accents above vowels in the output. The tone numbers 0 and 5 are synonymous. The tones are written as follows. Tone Description Diacritic Example Input Example Output ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── first flat ¯ ma1 mā second rising ´ ma2 má third falling-rising ˇ ma3 mǎ fourth falling ` ma4 mà fifth neutral (none) ma0 ma ma5 The neutral tone number can be omitted from a word-final syllable, but not otherwise. Authors gpinyin was written by Bernd Warken. See also Useful documents on the World Wide Web related to Pinyin include Pinyin to Unicode, On-line Chinese Tools, Pinyin.info: a guide to the writing of Mandarin Chinese in romanization, “Where do the tone marks go?”, pinyin.txt from the CJK macro package for TeX, and pinyin.sty from the CJK macro package for TeX. groff(1) and grog(1) explain how to view roff documents. groff(7) and groff_char(7) are comprehensive references covering the language elements of GNU troff and the available glyph repertoire, respectively. groff 1.23.0 31 March 2024 gpinyin(1)